Dakwah Sufistik di Era Algoritma: Rekonstruksi Otoritas Spiritual antara Sanad, Popularitas, dan Algoritma Media Sosial
Keywords:
Dakwah Sufistik, Otoritas Spiritual, Algoritma Media Sosial, Popularitas Digital
Abstract
Perkembangan media sosial dan algoritma digital telah mengubah cara otoritas keagamaan dibentuk, ditampilkan, dan dikenali oleh masyarakat. Dalam dakwah sufistik, perubahan tersebut menghadirkan pertemuan antara legitimasi berbasis sanad, popularitas, dan visibilitas algoritmik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis rekonstruksi otoritas spiritual dalam dakwah sufistik di era algoritma serta merumuskan konsep otoritas spiritual hibrida. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode library research melalui analisis isi, analisis konseptual, dan sintesis kritis terhadap literatur tentang tasawuf, sanad, otoritas keagamaan, dakwah digital, dan algoritma media sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa algoritma tidak menggantikan sanad sebagai sumber legitimasi spiritual, tetapi memengaruhi visibilitas dan proses pengakuan terhadap figur keagamaan. Otoritas spiritual hibrida terbentuk melalui integrasi sanad, keilmuan, integritas spiritual, pengakuan komunitas, dan visibilitas digital. Konsep ini menegaskan perlunya dakwah sufistik yang adaptif terhadap teknologi tanpa kehilangan fondasi spiritual dan etika dakwah.
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Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid. 2015. The Book of Knowledge: Book 1 of the Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din. Translated by Kenneth Honerkamp. Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae.
Bunt, Gary R. 2018. Hashtag Islam: How Cyber-Islamic Environments Are Transforming Religious and Political Landscapes. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Campbell, Heidi A. 2007. “Who’s Got the Power? Religious Authority and the Internet.” Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 12 (3): 1043–1062. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00362.x.
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Campbell, Heidi A., and Ruth Tsuria. 2022. Digital Religion: Understanding Religious Practice in New Media Worlds. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge.
Chittick, William C. 1989. The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn al-‘Arabi’s Metaphysics of Imagination. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Chittick, William C. 1994. Imaginal Worlds: Ibn al-‘Arabi and the Problem of Religious Diversity. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Creswell, John W., and Cheryl N. Poth. 2018. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Denzin, Norman K. 2017. The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods. New York: Routledge.
Eickelman, Dale F., and Jon W. Anderson, eds. 2003. New Media in the Muslim World: The Emerging Public Sphere. 2nd ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Ernst, Carl W. 2011. Sufism: An Introduction to the Mystical Tradition of Islam. Boston: Shambhala.
Flick, Uwe. 2018. An Introduction to Qualitative Research. 6th ed. London: SAGE.
Gillespie, Tarleton. 2018. Custodians of the Internet: Platforms, Content Moderation, and the Hidden Decisions That Shape Social Media. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Harianto, Eko, Reni Dian Lestari, Try Riduwan Santoso, and Jamaludin. 2025. “Algorithmic Spiritual Authority: Digital Sufism and the Reconfiguration of Sanad in Indonesia.” ESENSIA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin 26 (2): 96–108. https://doi.org/10.14421/esensia.v26i2.7772.
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Hjarvard, Stig. 2016. “Mediatization and the Changing Authority of Religion.” Media, Culture & Society 38 (1): 8–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443715615412.
Kitchin, Rob. 2017. “Thinking Critically About and Researching Algorithms.” Information, Communication & Society 20 (1): 14–29.
Knysh, Alexander. 2017. Sufism: A New History of Islamic Mysticism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Krippendorff, Klaus. 2019. Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Lohlker, Rüdiger, and Soleh Hasan Wahid. 2026. “The Transformation of Islamic Religious Authority.” Religions 17 (4): 493.
Miles, Matthew B., A. Michael Huberman, and Johnny Saldaña. 2019. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.
Rozehnal, Robert. 2022. Cyber Muslims: Mapping Islamic Digital Media in the Internet Age. New York: Bloomsbury Academic.
Rozehnal, Robert. 2023. Cyber Sufism in the Global West. Leiden: Brill.
Schimmel, Annemarie. 2011. Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
Snyder, Hannah. 2019. “Literature Review as a Research Methodology: An Overview and Guidelines.” Journal of Business Research 104: 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039.
Striphas, Ted. 2015. “Algorithmic Culture.” European Journal of Cultural Studies 18 (4–5): 395–412.
Sulfikar, Achmad, and Daisy Indira Yasmine. 2025. “Platformized Religious Authority: Rethinking Legitimacy in the Age of Social Media Influencers.” Epistemé: Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Keislaman 20 (2): 141–171. https://doi.org/10.21274/epis.2025.20.02.141-171.
Taherdoost, Hamed. 2023. “Towards Nuts and Bolts of Conducting Literature Review: A Typology of Literature Review.” Electronics 12 (4): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040800.
Trimingham, J. Spencer. 1998. The Sufi Orders in Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wahyudi, M. Agus, Sehat Ihsan Shadiqin, and Eka Srimulyani. 2025. “The Digital Transformation of Sufi Orders in Indonesia: A Typology of Cyber Sufism.” Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism 14 (2): 273–300. https://doi.org/10.21580/tos.v14i2.28356.
Zuhri, Saifuddin, et al. 2026. “Transforming Religious Authority: Fatwas in the Social Media Era.” YUDISIA 17 (1).
Published
2026-09-28
How to Cite
Diana Elfiyatul Afifah, & Siti Isti’anah. (2026). Dakwah Sufistik di Era Algoritma: Rekonstruksi Otoritas Spiritual antara Sanad, Popularitas, dan Algoritma Media Sosial. Jurnal Ilmiah Spiritualis: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam Dan Tasawuf, 12(2), 258-282. https://doi.org/10.53429/spiritualis.v12i2.2869
Section
Satu
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
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