Demokrasi Digital dan Konflik Global: Rekonstruksi Siyasah Shar'iyyah di Era AI dan Metaverse

Abstract

This article addresses the fundamental question of how the classical Islamic political doctrine of siyasah shar'iyyah must be reconstructed to respond to the challenges posed by artificial intelligence and the virtual spaces of the metaverse. Against the backdrop of rising cyber sovereignty and the growing geopolitical influence of technology on the nation-state, this study employs a qualitative philosophical-conceptual method to examine the genealogical foundations of siyasah shar'iyyah particularly its core principles of justice ('adl), consultation (shura), and public welfare (maslahah) and their applicability in an era of algorithmic governance and digital existence. The study argues that the classical framework, while normatively robust, requires substantive reconstruction across three dimensions: epistemological (rethinking the sources and methods of political-legal reasoning in digital contexts), ontological (reconceptualizing sovereignty, territory, and political community in virtual spaces), and axiological (reorienting the ethical purposes of governance toward algorithmic justice and digital human dignity). The findings propose a "Digital Siyasah" framework that integrates Islamic political ethics with digital governance principles, offering a normative pathway for Muslim-majority states and global governance architectures to navigate the tensions between technological sovereignty, democratic participation, and Islamic legal values in an increasingly virtualized world order