Pola Asuh Orang Tua terhadap Penggunaan Gadget pada Anak di Era Digital: Analisis Hadhanah dan Maqāṣid al-Syarī'ah dalam Perspektif Hukum Keluarga Islam

Abstract

The development of digital technology has transformed family life, particularly child-rearing practices. The use of gadgets provides benefits for education and communication but may also have negative effects when not accompanied by adequate parental supervision. This study aims to analyze parenting patterns in the use of gadgets among families in Tempuran Hamlet, Kawangrejo Village, Mumbulsari District, Jember Regency, and to examine them from the perspective of Islamic Family Law. This study employs a qualitative method with a case study approach and an empirical legal research design. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving families with children who use gadgets. The findings indicate three types of parenting patterns: democratic, permissive, and authoritarian. Democratic parenting is considered the most effective because it combines supervision, communication, and responsible freedom for children. From the perspective of Islamic Family Law, supervising children's use of gadgets constitutes part of the parents' responsibility under the concept of hadhanah, namely the obligation to care for, educate, and protect children. Based on maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, regulating gadget use is related to efforts to preserve religion (ḥifẓ al-dīn), intellect (ḥifẓ al-‘aql), life (ḥifẓ al-nafs), lineage (ḥifẓ al-nasl), and wealth (ḥifẓ al-māl). Therefore, the use of gadgets in Muslim families should be guided by balanced parenting practices so that technology can serve as a means of promoting children's well-being and development.